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Core Content and Skills
Science Chemistry R
2007-2008
BOE Approved

Laboratory Instrumentation  Content   Skills    Digital and Beam balances; reading and using volumetric glassware; thermometer basics; Bunsen Burner basics;     Laboratory Safety  Content   Skills    Adhering to lab safety procedures and good lab practices. Reading MSDS sheets (material data safety sheets).     Math skills in chem  Content   Skills  Decimals & Scientific notation;   convert between decimal and scientific notation     Matter  Content   Skills  I. Classifying matter A. Pure substances - elements (atoms & subatomic particles) vs. compounds; B. Mixtures - homogenous vs. heterogenous C. Physical properites & physical separation processes - chromatography, filtrations, distillation D. Chemical separation processes - chemical properties and changes (reactions) I. Phase Changes A. States or phases - solid vs. liquid vs. gas B. Phase or state changes - melting (fusion), freezing (solidification, crystallization), evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition C. Phase change energy/heat changes - Endothermic vs. Exothermic D. Heating & Cooling curves Calorimetry       Observations and integrated math skills  Content   Skills  basic units of measure - SI sytem of units; derived unit of measure - volume; density etc... The metric system - prefixes, symbols and conversions (Easy application tool to vertical metric tables - "DRUL" rule) Uncertainty in measurements and significant figures - precision vs. accuracy Math operations & sig figs Dimensional analysis   Students will know basic physical quantities and their units; Students will know the metric table and how to make metric conversions; Students will be able to understand the basic definitions and rules for working with significant figures; Students will complete basic math operations governed by the rules for significant figures; Students will be able to find and use conversion factors in order to convert from different systems of units; Students will know the different temperature scales, their associated units and how to convert from one scale to another; Students will be able to measure, calculate and compare densities.     Scientific Measurment  Content   Skills  Qualitative versus Quantitative Observations; Decimal and Scientific Notation Representations; Basic Units of Measure; Metric System; Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Digits; Precision & Accuracy; Dimensional Analysis; Density Measurements and Calculations; Temp scales, units & conversions   Do multiple exponential notation activities and practice...

A closer look at Energy  Content   Skills  Forms of energy; KE, PE and Temperature; system vs. surroundings; Endothermic vs. Exothermic; Intro to Enthalpy and Entropy; Heating & cooling curves (Hv, Hf etc...); Calorimetry; Hess' Law   Students will apply these energy concepts via laboratory experiments and demonstrations.     Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table  Content   Skills  Historic development of the atomic model - Bohr, Thomson et al; Basic electric charges - atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes, cations, anions, atomic size vs. ionic size, allotropes; Groups, periods and divisions (metals, nonmetals, halogens etc...); average atomic mass;       Atomic Theory  Content   Skills  Intro to the Electromagnetic Spectrum; energy, wavelength & frequency; Review historical models of the atom - Bohr...; Wave mechanical model; Valence electrons & Lewis dot symbols; Energy levels, subshells & orbitals; Ground vs. Excited states; Electron configurations & orbital diagrams; Atomic properties & trends on the periodic table - Ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, atomic vs. ionic size; spectral analysis       Chemical Nomenclature  Content   Skills  Ionic vs. molecular compounds; polyatomic ions (Table E); Intro to IUPAC system: 1. Binary Compounds a. Group I & II metals with a nonmetal b. Transition metal with a nonmetal c. Covalent molecular compounds - two nonmetals 2. Ternary Compounds a. Group I & II metals with a polyatomic ion b. Transition metal with a polyatomic ion 3. Identifying and naming acids & bases 4. Naming hydrates       Introduction to Chemical Reactions  Content   Skills  Reaction (equation) basics - reactants vs. products; evidence for chemical reactions; Balancing equations and the Law of Conservation of Mass (Matter); Types of Chemical Reactions: 1. Combustion 2. Combination (synthesis) 3. Decomposition 4. Double Replacement (Table F) * Acid-base neutralizatoin reactions * Intro to indicators 5. Single Replacement 6. Redox - oxidation-reduction reactions       Introduction to the periodic table  Content   Skills  Groups (families), periods, organization, element names; metals vs. nonmetals properties; basic characteristics of the atom - early discoveries and theories/models; atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes, Ions (cations vs. anions), allotropes, atomic vs. ionic size   Students will be able to explain, discuss and diagram the organizational aspects of the periodic table. Students will research and present findings on the developement of modern view of the structure of the atom (Dalton, JJ Thom., Rutherford, Chadwick, Miliken, Bohr, Wave-mech etc...). Students will be able to complete basic atomic calculations (atomic number, mass, # of P, # of N, # of e etc...).     Matter & Energy  Content   Skills  Define and classify matter; physical vs. chemical properties and changes; Forms of energy; System vs. Surroundings; KE,Temperature, STP conditions, PE; Endothermic vs. Exothermic; Intro to Enthalpy and Entropy; Heating & cooling curves (Hv, Hf etc...); Calorimetry; Hess' Law   Students will be able to reproduce, discuss and apply the classification scheme used for matter; Recognize physical vs. chemical properties and changes     Nuclear Chemistry  Content   Skills  Radioactivity - the nature of radioactive emissions; radioisotopes; transmutation - alpha, beta and gamma emission and detection; half life defined and calculated; Nuclear equations; Tables N and O; Dating with Radioisotopes Matter & Energy; fission vs. fusion; applications - nuclear power plants Radiation exposure - time, distance and shielding Particle physics and new subatomic particles

Chemical Composition  Content   Skills  Counting by weighing; The mole and Avogadros number; Mole conversions; Percent composition; Empirical and molecular formulas; hydrate formulas & percent composition of water       Intro to Stoichiometry  Content   Skills  Balancing Review - subscripts vs. coefficients; Coefficient ratios; Limiting reactant concepts; Percent yields - theoretical vs. actual; yield applications

Chemical Bonding  Content   Skills  Intramolecular forces and the types of chemical bonds - ionic, covalent and metallic Lewis structures for Covalent compounds; Polar vs. nonpolar covalent bonds; VSEPR and molecular shapes - symmetric and asymmetric structure Metallic bonds Working with Models Intro to the concept of Intermolecular forces of attraction 1. Dipole attractions 2. Hydrogen bonding 3. London dispersion forces       Organic Chemistry  Content   Skills  The Chemistry of Carbon; Bonding of Carbon atoms; Formulas review - molecular, structural, condensed, ball and stick and space filling models Hydrocarbons - Alkanes (saturated), Alkenes (unsaturated) & Alkynes (unsaturated); Homolgous series; IUPAC naming of hydrocarbons (Tables P & Q)

Gases  Content   Skills  Kinetic molecular theory; Key variables and their units - pressure, temperature, volume & moles; ideal gas law and behavior; molar mass, molar volume and density of gases

Solutions & Solubility  Content   Skills  Solution concentration and units - molarity, molality, ppm, % by mass, % by volume Solution concentration and units - molarity, molality, ppm, % by mass, % by volume Colligative properties - Vapor pressure, Freezing point depression, Boiling point elevation Solubility - rules (Table F), Graphs (Table G) and definitions (saturated vs. unsaturated vs. supersaturated solutions)

Kinetics & Equilibrium  Content   Skills  Reactions => collisions, spatial arragnement and energy (activation) Rates of Reactions => covalent vs. ionic bonded substances; concentration; surface area; pressure; catalysts; temperature Bond Breaking vs. Bond making and Table H Potential Energy Diagrams => PEreactants, PE products, activation energy, DH (enthalpy change or heat of reaction), activated complex (transition states) Equilibrium => Rf = Rr Phase equilibrium => fusion(melting)/crystallization; evaporation/condensation; Solution equilibrium Chemical equilibrium Le Chatelier's Principle => the effect of changing concentration, pressure (volume) and temperature on equilibrium

Acid Base Chemistry  Content   Skills  pH Scale; Acid/Base basics and theories Acid - Base Titration Acid-Base Indicators

Electrochemistry  Content   Skills  Basics of Oxidation & Reduction; Redox Reactions => single replace, synthesis, decomposition, combustion Assigning oxidation numbers => steps and applications Examining Redox reactions => oxidation and reduction half reactions; balance and writing net ionic redox reactions Electrochemical Cells => Voltaic (Galvanic) vs. Electrolytic; Batteries

Regents Review  Content   Skills  Regents Part A & B Regents Part C